Published: February 2, 2024 | Last Updated: December 19, 2024
Narrative Definition & Meaning
A narrative is the structure and method used to build and present a story. It includes the order of events, how characters are introduced and developed, and the techniques used to guide us through the plot. In filmmaking, this can involve choices like flashbacks, non-linear timelines, or character perspectives that shape how we experience the story.
A few narrative structures are commonly found in the film, and each one has unique characteristics. Let’s break’em down:
Linear Narrative

This is the most straightforward narrative structure. It chronologically presents the story’s events.
One example of a film that follows a linear narrative structure is The Shawshank Redemption (1994), directed by Frank Darabont.
Non-linear Narrative
In this structure, the story’s events are presented out of chronological order, often with flashbacks or flash-forwards.
Pulp Fiction (1994), directed by Quentin Tarantino, is a classic example of a film that uses a non-linear narrative structure.
Circular Narrative
Also called a closed-loop structure, this narrative starts and ends in the same place, giving a sense of completion or a cycle.
A great example is Groundhog Day (1993), directed by Harold Ramis. In the film, the protagonist repeatedly relives the same day, creating a circular narrative that ties the beginning and end together.
Episodic Narrative
This structure divides the story into distinct episodes or chapters that may or may not be interconnected.
Pulp Fiction can also be considered an example of an episodic narrative structure due to its multiple storylines.
Boyhood (2014) is another example of an episodic structure. This coming-of-age drama was filmed over 12 years, following Mason as he grows up and navigates life’s challenges. Each year unfolds as a distinct episode, showing key moments and milestones in his journey.
Multiple Perspective Narrative
This structure presents the story from different characters’ viewpoints, providing varying perspectives and interpretations of events.
Rashomon (1950), directed by Akira Kurosawa, is an excellent example of a film that employs multiple perspectives to explore the truth behind a crime.
Speaking of Kurosawa, you might like Famous Filmmakers who started late.
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Cloud Atlas (2012, Warner Bros.) is directed by Tom Tykwer and the Wachowski siblings. The film uses a complex multi-narrative structure. It spans multiple time periods and connects various storylines to explore reincarnation, destiny, and love.
The difference between the narrative and the plot
- Narrative: the overall story, including the characters, events, and themes.
- Plot: the specific sequence of events that occur within the narrative.
While the narrative is the broader concept, the plot focuses on the specific details and actions that drive the story forward.
Read more on plots in movies.
Summing Up
Film narrative structures give you different ways to experience a story and stay hooked. Whether linear, non-linear, circular, episodic, or multiple-perspective, each changes how the story feels and unfolds. Make sure to pick the right one for your screenplay.
Up Next: How To Come Up With Good Plot Ideas For Your Next Short Film Or Feature